The growing inventions of technology have swept the world up in the latter years of the 20th century and have become “out of this world” so far in the 21st century. David Bell reflects his ideas and the ideas of other theorists to explain why the earth’s growing technological advances came to be called cyberculture.
David Bell uses the terms cybernetics, cyberspace, and cyberpunk, all words that stemmed and are all linked from cyberculture. The term cybernetics is “the science of communication and control in living beings or machines” (60). Bell explains that a scientist, Norbert Wiener, who published many best selling books that dealt with the idea of “teleological mechanisms”, developed the term as early as the 1940s. Wiener brought about ideas and relationships between humans and machines. To Bell, the term cyberspace is vastly imaginative and very “sci-fi” like, and believes that is how the future is meant to be. He thinks that cyberspace involves many different types of technologies such as digital animation, cell phones, medical equipment, iPods, and much more. Bell gives recognition to William Gibson, writer of Neuromancer a novel that came out of the cyberpunk genre, in coining the term cyberspace in to describe the setting of computer operation stations that characters would get linked into. According to this reading, cyberspace involves technologies, and or humans that experience the use of these technologies. It also involves people affected by technological advances who can tell of their experiences through stories and the use of imagery. The phrase cyberpunk goes back to the 1980s and is a word that is used in the genres of science fiction texts, and film. Its main focus is on the uses and effects of new technologies like, computers, and promotes images of cyberspace and other artificial intelligence. A prime example of cyberpunk in film is the movie Blade Runner, made in 1982.
While terms, like cyberspace and cybernetics, are claimed by specific people, cyberculture is not. The origins are uncertain. Bell gives us his definition as this: “cyberculture is a way of thinking about how people and digital technologies interact, how we live together… ways of life in cyberspace, or ways of life shaped by cyberspace, where cyberspace is a matrix of embedded practices and representations” (62). I can totally understand Bell’s point of view. Cyberculture involves the evolving relationships with new technologies and humans and making it part of their culture. Bell brings up an interesting point stated by Paul Taylor. Taylor describes everyday interactions with cyberculture as “living in the gap” (63). He means that everyone utilizing technology is living in the gap, and people who do not, are living in a more archaic pre-cyberculture reality. This assertion goes along with the term, technological determinism, which is how technology and society shape each other.
Many people use technologies, like the computer, and are connected to the world of cyberculture. They can be active or passive. Bell seems to be urging individuals to be active members of cyberculture. He gives a lengthy list of cyberculture studies, or ways to contribute to the world of cyberculture. Part of his list includes: media studies, work on new media, multimedia, digital media, film studies, work on sci-fi cinema, digital film making, and new modes of film production (66). These are some of the cyber-based subject materials that I am learning about, or will be learning about, in future classes of my major. I am contributing to cyberculture studies right now by writing this blog. David Bell lastly, in so many words, states that the world of cyberculture is ever changing, and that even the act of theorizing it and writing about it is never set in stone or concrete, it is complex and truly amazing. With this I fully agree!
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